The positions of four different nuclei in the binding energy curve are shown in the figure. The process that might not proceed spontaneously is

  • A
    $C \to 2B$
  • B
    $D \to B+C$
  • C
    $B \to 2A$
  • D
    None of these

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$(i)$ The mass energy of a nucleus is larger than the total mass energy of its individual protons and neutrons.
(ii) If a nucleus could be separated into its nucleons, an energy equal to the binding energy would have to be transferred to the particles during the separating process.
(iii) The binding energy is a measure of how well the nucleons in a nucleus are held together.
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The figure shows a plot of binding energy per nucleon $E_b$ against the nuclear mass $M$. $A, B, C, D, E, F$ correspond to different nuclei. Consider four reactions:
$(i) \, A + B \to C + \varepsilon$
$(ii) \, C \to A + B + \varepsilon$
$(iii) \, D + E \to F + \varepsilon$
$(iv) \, F \to D + E + \varepsilon$
where $\varepsilon$ is the energy released. In which reactions is $\varepsilon$ positive?

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